Mine loader is a kind of mechanical equipment, which is mainly used for the collection, transportation, construction and loading of gravel and soil materials in various mines, hydropower and tunnel projects, such as phosphate ore, iron ore, copper mine, gold mine, silver mine, lead-zinc mine, coal mine roadway and so on. The loader should be installed by personnel. The installation shall be carried out according to the structural characteristics of the whole machine and the requirements of the drawings. The following are the key points for assembling the mine loader:

1.组装各连接螺栓时，检查锁紧垫圈是否齐全，紧固性是否符合要求。

1. When assembling each connecting bolt, check whether the lock washer is complete and whether the tightness meets the requirements.

2.液压系统的连接部位一定要擦拭干净，不得有灰尘和杂质。同时检查密封圈是否完整或损坏，所有管路按原位置调直固定。

2. The connecting parts of the hydraulic system must be wiped clean without dust and impurities. At the same time, check whether the sealing ring is complete or damaged, and all pipelines shall be straightened and fixed according to the original position.

3. 矿井装载机安装完毕后，仔细检查各部件、管件及附件安装是否正确、稳定。

3. After the installation of the mine loader, carefully check whether the installation of all parts, pipe fittings and accessories is correct and stable.

4.电气元件应由专人安装。进入接线盒的电缆直径应与橡胶垫的孔径一致。端子头的压缩应确保橡胶垫和电缆之间以及橡胶垫和接线盒之间没有间隙，否则将失去隔爆性能。

4. Electrical components shall be installed by special personnel. The diameter of the cable entering the junction box shall be consistent with the aperture of the rubber pad. The compression of the terminal head shall ensure that there is no gap between the rubber pad and the cable and between the rubber pad and the junction box, otherwise the flameproof performance will be lost.

矿井装载机总体布置图是我国自行设计的矿井装载机。在ZL50的基础上，设计开发了zl100、ZL40、ZL30和ZL20系列装载机产品，并在此系列基础上开发了dzl50和dzl40地下坑道施工用地下装载机变型。矿井装载机由发动机、传动系统、行走部件、制动系统、工作装置和液压系统组成。其中，发动机、变矩器、变速箱和前后驱动桥是矿井装载机的主要部件，简称四大部件。

The general layout of mine loader is a mine loader designed by our country. On the basis of ZL50, zl100, ZL40, ZL30 and ZL20 series loaders are designed and developed, and the variants of dzl50 and dzl40 underground loaders for underground tunnel construction are developed on the basis of this series. The mine loader is composed of engine, transmission system, traveling parts, braking system, working device and hydraulic system. Among them, engine, torque converter, gearbox and front and rear drive axle are the main components of mine loader, which are referred to as the four major components for short.

1.发动机

1. Engine

矿井装载机的发动机采用柴油机。通常使用135系列柴油发动机，ZL50和ZL40装载机通常使用6135k柴油发动机。大多数小型轮式装载机使用95和105系列柴油发动机。

The engine of mine loader adopts diesel engine. 135 series diesel engines are usually used, and 6135k diesel engines are usually used for ZL50 and ZL40 loaders. Most small wheel loaders use 95 and 105 series diesel engines.

2.传输系统

2. Transmission system

矿井装载机有两种传动方式：机械传动和液压机械传动。机械传动结构简单，但传动系统的扭转振动和冲击载荷较大，影响使用寿命。液力机械传动能吸收冲击载荷，提高使用寿命，自动适应外部阻力的变化，提高矿井装载机的使用性能。因此，大中型轮胎装载机大多采用液压机械传动。传动系统采用双涡轮变矩器和动力换档行星齿轮箱，通过前后驱动轴传递到前后驱动桥，再通过半轴和带侧减速器驱动低压轮胎。

There are two transmission modes of mine loader: mechanical transmission and hydraulic mechanical transmission. The mechanical transmission structure is simple, but the torsional vibration and impact load of the transmission system are large, which affects the service life. Hydraulic mechanical transmission can absorb impact load, improve service life, automatically adapt to the change of external resistance and improve the service performance of mine loader. Therefore, large and medium-sized tire loaders mostly use hydraulic mechanical transmission. The transmission system adopts dual turbine torque converter and power shift planetary gearbox, which are transmitted to the front and rear drive axles through the front and rear drive shafts, and then drive the low-pressure tires through the half shaft and the belt side reducer.

变矩器上有三个泵：工作泵（供油提升和倾卸压力油）、转向泵（供油转向压力油）变速泵，也称为行驶泵（供油变矩器和变速箱压力油）。某些型号的转向泵还配备先导泵（供油控制阀先导压力油）。

There are three pumps on the torque converter: the work pump (supply lift and dump pressure oil), the steering pump (supply steering pressure oil) and the transmission pump, also known as the travel pump (supply torque converter and transmission pressure oil). Some models of the steering pump are also equipped with a pilot pump (supply control valve pilot pressure oil).